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1.
Heliyon ; 9(2): e13050, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36785819

RESUMO

Heart failure (HF) is a significant clinical problem and an important public health issue due to the morbidity and mortality that it causes, especially in a population that is aging and affected by social stressors such as armed conflict. We aim to describe the inequalities and trends of HF mortality by educational level in Colombia between 1999 and 2017 compared with the cycles of the internal armed conflict during the same period. An observational study of ecological data panels, with aggregates at the national level, was conducted. Information from death certificates with HF as the basic cause of death (COD) was used. Variables of the year of death, sex, age, department of residence, and educational level were considered. Mortality rates adjusted for age were calculated. A joinpoint regression was used to model the trend of rates by educational level. We found that both men and women with primary education had the highest adjusted mortality rates: among men, RR_primary = 19.06 deaths/100,000 inhabitants, SE = 0.13 vs. RR_tertiary = 4.85, SE = 0.17, and similar differences among women. Mortality rates tended to decrease at all educational levels, with a greater reduction in people with higher educational levels. In both sexes, the behavior of the relative index of inequality showed significant inequality, albeit with a strong reduction during the last decade. Mortality due to HF in Colombia shows inequalities by educational level. In the prevention of HF, education should be considered a structural social determinant. In addition, we analyzed the potential role of the Colombian long-term armed conflict in the observed trends. We highlighted the role of the health sector, together with other sectors (education, work, and housing), in developing intersectoral public policies that contribute to the reduction of cardiovascular mortality disparities.

2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 42(4): 665-678, oct.-dic. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420314

RESUMO

Introducción. La malaria, o paludismo, es una enfermedad de gran impacto en la población colombiana, que debe ser abordada desde el punto de vista del trabajo en equipo de instituciones para el intercambio de conocimiento. Objetivo. Analizar las interacciones de la Red de Gestión del Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un análisis de redes sociales que permitió identificar la proximidad entre los actores y el grado de conocimiento entre ellos; se observaron indicadores de densidad, diámetro, distancia media y centralidad de grado. El corpus documental para el estudio estuvo constituido por 193 documentos técnicos publicados entre el 2016 y el 2021, que fueron analizados empleando técnicas de procesamiento de texto mediante el lenguaje de programación R. La categorización de la red se realizó a partir de cinco variables: atención integral a pacientes, diagnóstico, epidemiología y sistemas de análisis de información en salud, política pública, y promoción y prevención. Resultados. El análisis de las interacciones indicó que la red la conformaban 99 actores, de los cuales 97 (98 %), mostraron más interés en la producción de conocimientos en epidemiología y sistemas de análisis de información en salud, seguido de la categoría de atención integral a pacientes con 79 (80 %). El 54 % de los actores llevó a cabo estudios de promoción y prevención, siendo esta la categoría de menor abordaje. Conclusiones. Este estudio contribuye al fortalecimiento de estrategias clave en la divulgación del conocimiento sobre la malaria en Colombia.


Introduction: Malaria is a disease with a high impact on Colombian population, which must be approached from the point of view of teamwork of institutions for knowledge exchange. Objective: To analyze the interactions of the Red de Gestión del Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia. Materials and methods: An analysis of social networks was applied that allowed identifying the proximity between actors and the degree of knowledge between them. Indicators of density, diameter, average distance, and degree of centrality were observed. The documentary corpus for the study consisted of 193 technical documents published between 2016 and 2021, which were analyzed using text mining using the R programming language. The network was categorized based on five variables: comprehensive patient care, diagnosis, epidemiology and health information analysis systems, public policy and promotion and prevention. Results: The analysis of interactions indicated that the network was made up by 99 actors. The main interest in knowledge production was on epidemiology and health information analysis systems (98 % of the actors), followed by the integral patient care (80 % of the actors). On the contrary, the least approached category was malaria promotion and prevention practices (54 % of the actors). Conclusions: In general, this study contributes to the strengthening of key strategies in the dissemination of knowledge about malaria in Colombia.


Assuntos
Análise de Rede Social , Malária , Processamento de Texto , Epidemiologia , Gestão do Conhecimento , Troca de Informação em Saúde
5.
Biomedica ; 41(2): 271-281, 2021 06 29.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34214268

RESUMO

Introduction: Dental care is essential in guaranteeing the right to healthy motherhood. In Colombia, prenatal care policies incorporate the promotion, prevention, and care in oral health as part of the comprehensive care that pregnant women must receive within the health system. However, there is no systematic monitoring of compliance with these guidelines. Objective: To explore effective care and social inequalities in the provision and use of prenatal dental control in Colombia. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive study with data on pregnant women reported in the Fourth National Oral Health Study, 2013-2014. Absolute and relative social inequalities were estimated according to the area of residence, ethnicity, education level, health affiliation regime, and socioeconomic stratum. Results: We analyzed the data from 1,050 pregnant women. In total, 88.37% received prenatal control and 57.19%, dental control. We observed a general pattern of social gaps in the effective use of the latter, mainly due to the health insurance regime. The pregnant women with the greatest possibility of having some prenatal dental control, were those with some health insurance (prevalence ratio [RP]=2.62; CI 95%: 2.12-3.12), residents in urban areas (RP= 1,37; CI95%: 1.18-1.56), with higher and/or technical education level (RP=1.20; CI95%: 1.02-1.38) or from mid-high social strata (RP=1.15; CI95%: 1.01-1.29). Conclusions: In Colombia, the effective provision of dental control to pregnant women as part of comprehensive prenatal care continues to be a challenge. Significant efforts are required to comply with regulations and reduce social inequalities in access to this service.


Introducción. La atención odontológica es esencial para garantizar el derecho a una maternidad saludable. En Colombia, las políticas de atención prenatal incorporan la promoción, prevención y atención en salud bucal como parte de la atención integral que deben recibir las mujeres gestantes en el sistema de salud, sin embargo, no se hace un seguimiento sistemático del cumplimiento de estas directrices. Objetivo. Explorar la atención efectiva y las desigualdades sociales en la prestación y el uso del control odontológico prenatal en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo con datos de las mujeres gestantes reportadas en el Cuarto Estudio Nacional de Salud Bucal, 2013-2014. Se estimaron las desigualdades sociales absolutas y relativas, según zona de residencia, pertenencia étnica, nivel educativo, régimen de afiliación a los servicios de salud y estrato socioeconómico. Resultados. Se analizaron los datos de 1.050 mujeres gestantes. El 88,37 % recibió control prenatal y, el 57,19 %, control odontológico. Se observó un patrón general de brechas sociales en el uso efectivo de este último servicio, principalmente en función del aseguramiento. Las mujeres gestantes con mayor posibilidad de recibir atención odontológica prenatal fueron aquellas con algún aseguramiento en salud (razón de prevalencias, RP=2,62; IC95% 2,12-3,12), residentes en zonas urbanas (RP=1,37; IC95% 1,18-1,56), con nivel educativo técnico o superior (RP=1,20; IC95% 1,02-1,38) o de estratos sociales medios o altos (RP=1,15; IC95% 1,01-1,29). Conclusiones. En Colombia, la prestación efectiva del control odontológico a mujeres gestantes como parte de la atención prenatal integral, sigue siendo un reto. Se requieren importantes esfuerzos para cumplir las normas y reducir las desigualdades sociales en el acceso a este servicio.


Assuntos
Saúde Bucal , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Colômbia , Feminino , Humanos , Seguro Saúde , Gravidez , Fatores Socioeconômicos
6.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 41(2): 271-281, abr.-jun. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339266

RESUMO

Resumen | Introducción. La atención odontológica es esencial para garantizar el derecho a una maternidad saludable. En Colombia, las políticas de atención prenatal incorporan la promoción, prevención y atención en salud bucal como parte de la atención integral que deben recibir las mujeres gestantes en el sistema de salud, sin embargo, no se hace un seguimiento sistemático del cumplimiento de estas directrices. Objetivo. Explorar la atención efectiva y las desigualdades sociales en la prestación y el uso del control odontológico prenatal en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo con datos de las mujeres gestantes reportadas en el Cuarto Estudio Nacional de Salud Bucal, 2013-2014. Se estimaron las desigualdades sociales absolutas y relativas, según zona de residencia, pertenencia étnica, nivel educativo, régimen de afiliación a los servicios de salud y estrato socioeconómico. Resultados. Se analizaron los datos de 1.050 mujeres gestantes. El 88,37 % recibió control prenatal y, el 57,19 %, control odontológico. Se observó un patrón general de brechas sociales en el uso efectivo de este último servicio, principalmente en función del aseguramiento. Las mujeres gestantes con mayor posibilidad de recibir atención odontológica prenatal fueron aquellas con algún aseguramiento en salud (razón de prevalencias, RP=2,62; IC95% 2,12-3,12), residentes en zonas urbanas (RP=1,37; IC95% 1,18-1,56), con nivel educativo técnico o superior (RP=1,20; IC95% 1,02-1,38) o de estratos sociales medios o altos (RP=1,15; IC95% 1,01-1,29). Conclusiones. En Colombia, la prestación efectiva del control odontológico a mujeres gestantes como parte de la atención prenatal integral, sigue siendo un reto. Se requieren importantes esfuerzos para cumplir las normas y reducir las desigualdades sociales en el acceso a este servicio.


Abstract | Introduction: Dental care is essential in guaranteeing the right to healthy motherhood. In Colombia, prenatal care policies incorporate the promotion, prevention, and care in oral health as part of the comprehensive care that pregnant women must receive within the health system. However, there is no systematic monitoring of compliance with these guidelines. Objective: To explore effective care and social inequalities in the provision and use of prenatal dental control in Colombia. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive study with data on pregnant women reported in the Fourth National Oral Health Study, 2013-2014. Absolute and relative social inequalities were estimated according to the area of residence, ethnicity, education level, health affiliation regime, and socioeconomic stratum. Results: We analyzed the data from 1,050 pregnant women. In total, 88.37% received prenatal control and 57.19%, dental control. We observed a general pattern of social gaps in the effective use of the latter, mainly due to the health insurance regime. The pregnant women with the greatest possibility of having some prenatal dental control, were those with some health insurance (prevalence ratio [RP]=2.62; CI 95%: 2.12-3.12), residents in urban areas (RP= 1,37; CI95%: 1.18-1.56), with higher and/or technical education level (RP=1.20; CI95%: 1.02-1.38) or from mid-high social strata (RP=1.15; CI95%: 1.01-1.29). Conclusions: In Colombia, the effective provision of dental control to pregnant women as part of comprehensive prenatal care continues to be a challenge. Significant efforts are required to comply with regulations and reduce social inequalities in access to this service.


Assuntos
Cuidado Pré-Natal , Saúde Bucal , Prevenção Primária , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Direito à Saúde , Serviços de Saúde
7.
Infectio ; 22(3): 159-166, jul.-sept. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-953985

RESUMO

Objective: To estimate the direct medical costs of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in children and adults from three Central American countries with a bottom-up costing approach. Methods: The costs of inpatients treatment were estimated through the retrospective bottom-up costing in a randomized sample of clinical records from SARI patients treated in teaching tertiary hospitals during 2009 - 2011 period. Activities incurred per patient were registered and a setting-specific cost per activity was acquired. Average cost per patient in the group of children and elderly adults was estimated for each country. In Nicaragua, only the pediatric population was included. Costs were expressed in local currency (2011), American dollars, and international dollars (2005) for country comparison. Results: The care cost per case in children in Guatemala was the cheaper (I$971.95) compared to Nicaragua (I$1,431.96) and Honduras (I$1,761.29). In adults, the treatment cost for Guatemala was the more expensive: I$4,065.00 vs. I$2,707.91 in Honduras. Conclusion: Bottom-up costing of SARI cases allowed the mean estimates per treated case that could have external validity for the target population diagnosed in hospitals with similar epidemiological profiles and level of complexity for the study countries. This information is very relevant for the decision-making.


Objetivo: Estimar los costos directos de la atención de infección respiratoria aguda (IRAG) en niños y adultos en tres países de América Central. Métodos: Los costos de pacientes hospitalizados fueron estimados a través de análisis retrospectivo en una muestra aleatoria de registros de historias clínicas de casos de IRAG tratado en hospitales universitarios durante el periodo 2009-2011. Las actividades incurridas por paciente fueron registradas y un costo especifico para cada sitio fue estimado. El costo por cada niño y adulto mayor fue estimado para cada país. En Nicaragua sólo se incluyó población pediátrica. Los costos fueron expresados en moneda local (2011), dolar americano y dolar internacional (2005). Resultados: El costo por caso en niños en Guatemala fue el más barato (I$971.95) comparado al de Nicaragua (I$1,431.96) y Honduras (I$1,761.29). En adultos, el costo de tratamiento para Guatemala fue el más costoso: I$4,065.00 vs. I$2,707.91 en Honduras. Conclusión: Los costos de tratar casos IRAG estimados a partir de costos promedios pro caso pueden tener validez externa para hospitales con perfiles epidemiologicos similares y nivel de complejidad de atención para los países del estudio. Esta información es muy relevante para la toma de decisiones.


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções Respiratórias , Atenção , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Custos e Análise de Custo , América Central , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Hospitais Universitários , Infecções
8.
Biomedica ; 38(1): 61-68, 2018 Mar 15.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29668135

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Transfusion is a mechanism of transmission of Chagas' disease. There are no studies on the costs of the screening test in Colombian blood banks. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the costs of the screening test for Chagas' disease among blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a micro-costing study from the perspective of the health care provider to estimate the cost of Chagas' disease testing in two blood banks, Banco de Sangre de la Cruz Roja, Seccional Bolívar, and Banco de Sangre del Hospital de Yopal, Casanare, taking into account four cost categories: 1) Administrative costs: public services and insurance costs were calculated based on the blood bank area in square meters; 2) capital costs: building and equipment costs that were annualized using a 3% discount rate and a lifespan of 20 years for building and five for equipment; 3) costs of Chagas' disease test materials and reagents adjusted by blood bank production level, and 4) costs of staff in charge of Chagas' disease test processing. The costs of transfusion bagsand immunohematology tests are also reported. RESULTS: The cost of Chagas' disease test in the blood bank of Seccional Bolívar was COP$ 37,804 (USD$ 12), and the blood bag and immunohematology test costs were COP$ 25,941 (USD$ 8.2) and COP$ 6,800 (USD$ 2.2), respectively. In the blood bank of Yopal, Casanare, the costs were COP$ 77,384 (USD$ 24.6), COP$ 30,141 (USD$ 9.6) and COP$ 12,627 (USD$ 4), respectively. Personnel cost accounted for the highest percentage of the total cost for both blood banks (47.5% in Seccional Bolívar, and 55.7% in Yopal, Casanare). CONCLUSION: Our results are an important input for the planning of services and cost-effectiveness studies for screening tests for Chagas' disease in Colombian blood banks.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Trypanosoma cruzi/metabolismo , Bancos de Sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Transfusão de Sangue , Colômbia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Humanos , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia
9.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 38(1): 61-68, ene.-mar. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-888548

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción . La transfusión es un mecanismo de transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas. No se han hecho estudios de costos de la prueba de tamización en bancos de sangre de Colombia. Objetivo. Estimar los costos de la prueba de tamización para la enfermedad de Chagas en donantes de bancos de sangre de Colombia, 2015. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de costos desde la perspectiva del prestador de servicios en los bancos de sangre de la Cruz Roja, seccional Bolívar, y del Hospital de Yopal, Casanare, que incluyó: 1) gastos administrativos, es decir, costos de servicios públicos y seguros asignados según los metros cuadrados de las instalaciones del banco de sangre; 2) costos de capital, es decir, edificación y equipos, anualizados con una tasa de descuento de 3 % y considerando una vida útil de 20 y cinco años, respectivamente; 3) costos de insumos y materiales ajustados al nivel de producción, y 4) costos del recurso humano encargado del procesamiento de las pruebas. Se reportó, asimismo, el costo de las bolsas y de las pruebas de inmunohematología. Resultados. En el banco de sangre de la Cruz Roja, seccional Bolívar, el costo de la prueba fue de COP$ 37.804 (USD$ 12), mientras que la bolsa y la prueba de inmunohematología costaron COP$ 25.942 (USD$ 8,2) y COP$ 6.800 (USD$ 2,2), respectivamente. En el banco de sangre del Hospital de Yopal, los costos ascendieron a COP$ 77.384 (USD$ 24,6), COP$ 30.141 (USD$ 9,6) y COP$ 12.627 (USD$ 4), respectivamente. La mayor participación en el costo de la prueba correspondió al recurso humano (47,5 % en Cartagena y 55,7 % en Yopal). Conclusiones. Estos resultados son importantes para la planificación de los servicios y los análisis de costo-efectividad de la prueba de tamización para la enfermedad de Chagas en los bancos de sangre.


Abstract Introduction: Transfusion is a mechanism of transmission of Chagas' disease. There are no studies on the costs of the screening test in Colombian blood banks. Objective: To estimate the costs of the screening test for Chagas' disease among blood donors in two Colombian blood banks, 2015. Materials and methods: We conducted a micro-costing study from the perspective of the health care provider to estimate the cost of Chagas' disease testing in two blood banks, Banco de Sangre de la Cruz Roja, Seccional Bolívar, and Banco de Sangre del Hospital de Yopal, Casanare, taking into account four cost categories: 1) Administrative costs: public services and insurance costs were calculated based on the blood bank area in square meters; 2) capital costs: building and equipment costs that were annualized using a 3% discount rate and a lifespan of 20 years for building and five for equipment; 3) costs of Chagas' disease test materials and reagents adjusted by blood bank production level, and 4) costs of staff in charge of Chagas' disease test processing. The costs of transfusion bags and immunohematology tests are also reported. Results: The cost of Chagas' disease test in the blood bank of Seccional Bolívar was COP$ 37,804 (USD$ 12), and the blood bag and immunohematology test costs were COP$ 25,941 (USD$ 8.2) and COP$ 6,800 (USD$ 2.2), respectively. In the blood bank of Yopal, Casanare, the costs were COP$ 77,384 (USD$ 24.6), COP$ 30,141 (USD$ 9.6) and COP$ 12,627 (USD$ 4), respectively. Personnel cost accounted for the highest percentage of the total cost for both blood banks (47.5% in Seccional Bolívar, and 55.7% in Yopal, Casanare). Conclusion: Our results are an important input for the planning of services and cost-effectiveness studies for screening tests for Chagas' disease in Colombian blood banks.


Assuntos
Humanos , Trypanosoma cruzi/metabolismo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Bancos de Sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Transfusão de Sangue , Colômbia , Custos e Análise de Custo
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